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CAP in Cell Experiments: A Second Key Reference

by WuDingsheng 04 Jan 2026

1. Research Background and Objectives

Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is a type of plasma generated at room temperature, with potential antibacterial and anti-tumor properties. Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (aFGF) is a long-acting cell proliferation factor that can promote the proliferation of various cells. This study combines these two technologies for the first time to explore their synergistic effect in multi-tissue regeneration.

2. Research Methods

The study conducted analysis at the tissue, cellular, protein, and genetic levels. Methods such as histochemical staining, flow cytometry, ELISA, and PCR were used to evaluate the individual and combined effects of CAP and aFGF. Different combination methods were adopted according to the characteristics of the target tissues.

3. Experimental Findings

(1) Wound Healing

CAP enhanced wound healing effects by promoting the proliferation of mouse fibroblasts and reducing skin inflammation. aFGF promoted angiogenesis by up-regulating pro-angiogenic markers (such as CD31, VEGF, TGF-ฮฒ) and down-regulating anti-angiogenic proteins (such as angiostatin and angiopoietin-2).

(2) Angiogenesis

The combined effect of CAP and aFGF showed a synergistic effect in angiogenesis. CAP induced fibroblast proliferation by increasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), while aFGF up-regulated pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGF [1].

(3) Neurogenesis

aFGF was superior to CAP in neurogenesis, showing more significant growth of neuronal protrusions.

(4) Osteogenesis

CAP was superior to aFGF in osteogenesis, showing more significant bone nodule formation.

4. Advantages and Potential

(1) Advantages of CAP

CAP has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, can reduce chronic inflammation, and promote tissue repair.

(2) Advantages of aFGF

aFGF is a potent cell proliferation factor that can promote the proliferation and differentiation of various cells [1].

(3) Advantages of Combined Therapy

The combined therapy of CAP and aFGF can leverage their respective advantages to achieve more comprehensive tissue regeneration. For example, CAP performs excellently in osteogenesis and anti-inflammation, while aFGF is more effective in neurogenesis and angiogenesis.

5. Application Prospects

This multimodal therapy not only supports the pleiotropy of CAP and aFGF in tissue regeneration but also highlights the potential of their combined therapy. In addition, this therapy can be administered through local (e.g., skin) and systemic (e.g., blood) routes, further expanding its application scope.

6. Other Related Studies

(1) Application of Cold Plasma in Burn Treatment

Studies have shown that cold plasma can promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, reduce collagen synthesis, thereby inhibiting scar formation.

(2) Application of Cold Plasma in Cancer Treatment

Cold plasma can induce apoptosis of cancer cells and enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, showing its potential in cancer treatment.

(3) Role of Cold Plasma in Skin Regeneration

Cold plasma promotes skin regeneration by regulating redox metabolism and inflammatory responses.

7. Conclusion

This study combines cold plasma and acidic fibroblast growth factor for the first time, demonstrating their synergistic effect in multi-tissue regeneration. CAP and aFGF show advantages in osteogenesis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and other aspects respectively, and the combined therapy can achieve more comprehensive tissue repair. Future research can further explore their applications in different tissues and diseases, as well as conduct in-depth studies on their mechanisms of action.

References

[1] Tan F, Rui X, Xiang X, Yu Z, Al-Rubeai M. Multimodal treatment combining cold atmospheric plasma and acidic fibroblast growth factor for multi-tissue regeneration. FASEB J. 2021;35(6): e21442.

[2] Laroussi M. Cold plasma in medicine and healthcare: the new frontier in low-temperature plasma applications. Front Phys. 2020;8:74.

[3] Branรฝ D, Dvorskรก D, Halaลกovรก E, ล kovierovรก H. Cold atmospheric plasma: a powerful tool for modern medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:2932.ย 

[4] Tan F, Wang Y, Zhang S, Shui Chen Z, Chen G, Obenchain R, Zhang R, Bai F, Fang T, Gu Z. Cold atmospheric plasma delivery for biomedical applications. Mater Today. 2022;54:153โ€“88.

[5] Bekeschus S, von Woedtke T, Emmert S, Schmidt A. Medical gas plasma-stimulated wound healing: evidence and mechanisms. Redox Biol. 2021;46: 102116.

[6] Arndt S, Unger P, Berneburg M, Bosserhoff AK, Karrer S. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) activates angiogenesis-related molecules in skin keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells and improves wound angiogenesis in an autocrine and paracrine mode. J Dermatol Sci. 2018;89:181โ€“90.

[7] Guo J, Huang Y, Xu B, Yang J. Efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma therapy on chronic wounds: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022;2022:5798857.

[8] Duarte S, Panariello BHD. Comprehensive biomedical applications of low-temperature plasmas. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2020;693: 108560.

[9] von Woedtke T, Reuter S, Masur K, Weltmann KD. Plasmas for medicine. Phys Rep. 2013;530:291โ€“320.

[10] Park GY, Park SJ, Choi MY, Koo IG, Byun JH, Hong JW, Lee JK. Atmospheric-pressure plasma sources for biomedical applications. Plasma Sources Sci Technol. 2012;21: 043001.

[11] Canady J, Murthy SR, Zhuang T, Gitelis S, Nissan A, Ly L, Basadonna G. The first cold atmospheric plasma phase I clinical trial for the treatment of advanced solid tumors: a novel treatment arm for cancer. Cancers. 2023;15:3688.

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